Extracellular vesicles (EVs)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally occurring vesicles secreted by almost all cells that can be found in various tissues and body fluids, such as plasma, urine, and saliva. EVs include microvesicles (150-1000 nm), formed by membrane shedding; exosomes (30-200 nm), generated via inward budding of endosomal membranes in late endosomes; and apoptotic bodies (500 nm-10 µm), released from cells undergoing apoptosis.

EVs mediate intercellular communication by transporting proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and organelle-derived components, including mitochondrial material. Mitochondria, beyond their role in energy production, are key signaling organelles. The transfer of mitochondrial content, such as proteins and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), via EVs may support stressed or damaged cells and help maintain tissue homeostasis.

Our research investigates mitochondrial-containing EVs (mit-EVs) derived from skin cells. By characterizing their subtypes and cellular origins, we aim to uncover their roles in wound healing and their broader implications for tissue repair and disease.

Schematic view of the biogenesis of EVs, including (A) the three major categories: exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies and (B) a schematic illustration of an EV. MVBs: multivesicular bodies. ER: endoplasmic reticulum. Created with Biorender